Ecological Landscaping

Category

Land & Water

Impact

?

Cost

Low

Suburban lawns contribute significantly to environmental pollution — however, yards also offer an opportunity to make a positive impact. 

What’s so bad about a prototypical suburban lawn? 

  • Widespread use of synthetic fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides. These pollute waterways, kill pollinators, and deplete soil quality (leading to erosion and loss of good soil microbes). 
  • High carbon footprint as compared to natural ecosystems. The fertilizer and lawn chemical industry contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. (The carbon footprint of lawn equipment is discussed in another Action.) 
  • Non-native species and mono-cultures of yard grasses. Lawns are usually composed of non-native grasses, often of just one or two species. Exotic ornamentals including flowers, trees, and shrubs usually make up the majority of garden borders. This lack of biodiversity increases pest populations, depletes soil, and reduces habitat and food sources for wildlife and pollinators. 
  • Watering. Water is a limited resource, and it is wasted on a lawn. Green lawns are fertilized and watered to look green even during the hottest months when grasses are meant to go dormant and turn yellow or brown. 

Fortunately, it is relatively simple to avoid some of these environmental pitfalls. Skip the synthetic chemicals and go low or no mow. Best of all, learn to appreciate the look of a natural lawn!

Steps to Take

What can you do?

  1. Learn more about native plants and alternatives to lawns from Grow Native Massachusetts, Native Plant Trust, and Wild Seed Project.
  2. Stop applying synthetic fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides. 
  3. Mow your lawn no more than every two weeks. Three week intervals are even better for supporting healthy populations of pollinators. 
  4. Stop watering your lawn. Your well (or town water supply) will thank you.
  5. Leave lawn clippings on your lawn to recycle the nutrients. Leave fall leaves in place, or rake into piles and let the leaves naturally decompose. Leaf mulch works great in garden beds.
  6. Find a patch of lawn to let grow. If you don’t want it to revert to woods, weed out tree seedlings, shrubs, and invasive species a few times a year. Tall meadow grasses and wildflowers will begin to fill in your free patch of lawn, and the birds will love it.
  7. Learn to identify the most common invasive plants that show up in your yard and pull them up. Invasive plants form mono-cultures in our ecosystems and threaten the diversity of native plant life. Be careful when you bring mulch, topsoil, or other garden materials in for landscaping purposes as they may contain seeds of invasive species. Try to find materials you can use in your own yard instead, such as leaf mulch or compost, rather than bringing in outside organic materials. 
  8. Experiment with growing native plants and trees. Even just letting an oak tree (or two) grow up from an acorn that sprouted in your yard will have a positive impact over time. 
  9. Don’t have space for a garden at your home or would prefer to garden where there is lots of sun and where critters can’t eat all your vegetables? Check out Harvard’s Community Garden. Contact Mary Keefe at Mary.Keefe@charter.net.
  10. Let us know how it went by leaving a Testimonial under the tab above!

 

Don’t have your own space but you love these ideas? Organize to bring biodiversity to public spaces or organizations like schools and places of worship near you. 

Deep Dive

How much carbon dioxide can a tree remove from the atmosphere? Over the course of a year, a young tree can remove approximately 6 kilograms/13 pounds of atmospheric carbon dioxide. By the time that tree is ten years old, the amount of carbon dioxide it can absorb jumps to 22 kilograms/48 pounds. Within 50 years, a mature tree has removed almost one ton of carbon dioxide.

How do trees help cool the atmosphere? Trees cool the atmosphere and ground around them through transpiration, the process through which plants absorb water through their roots and release water vapor through the pores of their leaves. On a sunny day, a mature tree can transpire up to 100 liters of water and in the process convert 70 kilowatt-hours of solar energy into latent heat held in water vapor. Without tree cover, the soil absorbs heat instead. This contributes to a rise in temperature not only of the ground, but also the surrounding atmosphere.

What native trees and plants should I plant in my yard? Some resources to help you plan ahead: 

A list of internet databases on native species from Grow Native Massachusetts;

An article and links on how to shop for native plants from Wild Seed Project;

Planting for Resilience: Selecting Urban Trees in Massachusetts, published by UMass-Amherst Department of Environmental Conservation.

What is a Food Forest? A food forest is an edible forest garden — find out more from the Boston Food Forest Coalition. A combination of tall trees, small trees, shrubs, herbs, ground covers, and some annual crops, it’s designed so that each plant receives sufficient sun exposure and requires minimal care as it enriches itself with organic matter. Far from a new idea, this is a time-tested system of farming found all over the world, perhaps most famously in the Amazon rainforest. 

What is a rain garden? A rain garden is a low lying area (natural or constructed) that has been designed to capture and filter stormwater run-off. The bowl-like area collects water that would otherwise flow away from hard surfaces, such as roofs and asphalt, and into local bodies of water — in the process, depositing pollution, fertilizer, pet waste, petroleum products, etc. Storm run-off that ends up untreated in lakes and streams, and ultimately oceans, causes anaerobic conditions, algal blooms, and disrupts healthy ecosystems. 

Rain gardens should be filled with plants that have deep roots and thrive in wet soil. The plants help to hold and process stormwater in place, so it flows into the ground where it will be naturally filtered by healthy soil and roots. 

Did you know that seven rain gardens were established about a decade ago to filter run-off to Bare Hill Pond? Here are some details about the project which may be useful for planning a rain garden in your yard. 

Who can I consult locally with gardening questions?

The Garden Club of Harvard

The Massachusetts Master Gardener Association

Testimonials

Over the years, we have gradually decreased the amount of lawn that we mow by allowing the meadow to grow naturally. The meadow now takes…
Meadows and Hugelkultur
Submitted by: Bob & Marisa Steele
We are attempting to rid a corner of our property of Japanese Knotweed. As many know this is an especially nasty invasive. Our goal initially…
An (ongoing) Labor of Love
Submitted by: Connie Woolcock
We tilled our backyard, removed the grass and planted native wildflowers and grasses instead.  It is a work in progress but we no longer mow…
Wildflower meadow
Submitted by: Courtney Harter
We've stopped mowing (we still mow once a year) and are in the process of transforming our lawn to a pollinator-friendly meadow with native perennials…
Organic gardens and pollinator meadows
Submitted by: Charlotte Vallaeys
I've been doing organic gardening since 2020 with a focus on native plants. This is a good way to protect and encourage our local ecosystem…
Organic, Native Landscaping
Submitted by: Lina Formichelli
Low mow, native plants, no chemicals. I finally downloaded iNaturalist which helps to identify plants to encourage the good volunteers and keep out the invasive…
Eco-friendly Landscaping
Submitted by: Catherine Warner
Our lower yard is planted with wildflowers, and has developed into a small meadow.  Our backyard garden includes milkweed, mullein, dandelions, clover, and many other…
Meadow development and planting for birds/bees/bats/bugs
Submitted by: Emily Harris
We manage our land for multiple objectives, mainly environmental impact/ecological quality, our aesthetic enjoyment and nature education, and the minor production of firewood and food…
Holistic Forest Management
Submitted by: Andrew Wilcox
I have been very inspired by Doug Tallamy's writings and talks, and I decided to augment my gardens, which already have many native plants, with…
The oak tree bed
Submitted by: Jessie Panek
A few years ago, we planted two wildflower meadows, one atop of our septic mound.  They have each taken on individual characters due to differing…
Colorful septic mound
Submitted by: Charles Zucker
With the Advent of No Mow May, I've been re-thinking my landscaping choices. Why am I mowing my whole yard anyway? When I was a…
Re-Thinking the Yard
Submitted by: Kit Holland
Our farm has been certifed organic with Baystate Organic Certifiers since 2006. We're one of the few organic orchards in the state. We also go…
Certified Organic
Submitted by: Linda Hoffman
I've added driplines to many of the plantings in my yard (flowers, herb beds, raspberries and blueberries).  The driplines allow me to target water to…
Drip lines
Submitted by: Libby Levison
Our family planted a pollinator garden. We have seen many bees and butterflys and it has been nice to see them.
Eco Landscaping
Submitted by: Jan Daley
When we moved into our home, we let the garden grow out in order to see what actually was growing each season. We were lucky…
Planting to Support Bees
Submitted by: Teresa Wolf
In an effort to go green we have installed heat pumps and solar panels; bought an electric car; and grew a pollinator garden in our…
Heat pumps, pollinator gardens and electric car
Submitted by: Judith Ockene
I have added drip irrigation to my raspberries, blueberries and flower gardens, including the wildflower patch.  The drip lines mean water is applied to the…
Drip irrigation
Submitted by: Libby Levison
We let our grass grow and over the years, mowed bi-annually to prevent the establishment of trees, removed invasive plants, and introduced native seeds and…
meadow landscaping
Submitted by: Teresa Garti

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